Merrill Swain

The Output Hypothesis: Its History and its Future
Merrill Swain
Ontario Institute for Studies in nurture of the University of Toronto
Language Learning Distinguished Scholar in ingleside of the National Research Center for Foreign Language teaching of Beijing Foreign Studies University

Introduction

In the 1980s, the word sidetrack was use to indicate the outcome, or product, of the linguistic communication acquisition device. Output was interchangeable with what the learner/system has learned.

Outline

the context in which the widening hypothesis was proposed three functions of output, along with a description of whatsoever of the supporting research future directions

There has been a vend in meaning from the 80s to now from output being understood as a noun, a thing, a product to output being understood as a verb, an subroutineion, a cognitive process.

What is The Output Hypothesis?

The output hypothesis claims that the act of producing language (speaking or writing) constitutes, under certain circumstances, part of the process of back up language learning.

Three functions of output in second language learning: 1) the noticing/triggering function 2) the hypothesis-testing function 3) the metalinguistic (reflective) function.

What was the context in which the output hypothesis was formulated?





Two aspects of the context that are important to mention. 1. The dominant theoretical paradigm for second language acquisition (SLA) research at that time (1980s): information-processing theory.

2. The widespread harvest-festival of French immersion programs in Canada, the evaluations of which were showing some preferably unexpected findings.

Information-processing theory

In the early 1980s, the burgeoning field of SLA was dominated by the concept of input.

Second-language acquisition theory provides a very pass by explanation as to why immersion works. According to authoritative theory, we acquire language in only one representation: when we understand messages in that language, when we...If you want to get a practiced essay, order it on our website: Orderessay



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